Gender Role Limitations in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane

Gender Role Limitations in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre The nineteenth century Victorian era woman needed wealth or position to avoid a life of drudgery.   Women were viewed as trophies or possessions men owned.   They were not permitted to develop nor expected to, and even venturing out on their own was considered inappropriate.   During the era in which Jane Eyre was published the home and family were seen as the basic unit of stability in society.   At the middle of this foundation stood a wife and mother representing the sum total of all morality - a Madonna-like image.   This image was reinforced by social institutions such as mainstream religious and political beliefs.   Women were steered away from independence, confidence, and self-fulfillment and steered toward an existence of submission, dependence, and ignorance.   They were expected to be beautiful and silent.   This is why the titular heroine of Bronte's novel caused such controversy when Jane Eyre was published.   Jane is plain and very intelligent.   She is in addition intelligent, self-confident, strong-willed and she exhibits a moral conscience.   Jane is atypical of women of her era in that she trusts in her own decision-making abilities and, furthermore, unlike most women of the era has the freedom to make them. To get ahead as a woman in Jane's era, one had to have wealth, position, family or friends.   Jane, an orphan, has none of these.   Her family and friends only serve as reminders of what she does not have.   They view her o... ...ronte 133).   In this manner we see why Jane Eyre caused such controversy upon publication.   It is basically Bronte's criticism of Victorian society with respect to its oppression and perspective of women.   Bronte understood to adopt such limitations was certain death, at best an unendurable hell for a woman of intelligence and passion.   As such, her heroine must endure hell to discover the route to personal fulfillment and freedom.   As she does so, she sets a new definition of what women are capable.   This is why the novel and its heroine were so shocking to Victorian audiences who considered women pretty objects to admire more than human beings in their own right. WORKS   CITED Bronte, Charlotte.   Jane Eyre.   New York: Bantam Books, 1981.

Particular social system Essay

Ethics is the discipline that deals with the good and the bad as well as with the moral duty and responsibility of an individual. It can also be defined as the study of the choices made by individuals as regards right and wrong (Marie, 2005). Ethics is mainly concerned with the philosophy that results in a particular behavior. Ethics are of different types, and they differ in terms of their application in different contexts. Ethics state the working of a particular social system. They point towards the utilization of morality. At birth, as indicated by Be The Dream (2009), everyone is practically a blank slate. The period of infancy is characterized by total emptiness. The only skill an infant is equipped with is crying in order to attract the attention of the other people. Infants are contented with just lying watching the world revolve around them until they need something. However, as life progresses, individuals develop values in accordance with what they have previously learned or gone through (Be The Dream, 2009). The main intent of developing ethics is to set up the capacity to come up with rational judgment and ethical decisions. The whole process of personal ethics development is continuous and goes on through out life (Marie, 2005). Personal ethics, morals and values go hand in hand. Values are beneficial aspects learned from childhood, either as a result of interaction with the environment or from parents. Morals are the inherent beliefs that develop from the values system of the way an individual should react in a particular situation (Fairleigh Dickinson University, 2010). Ethics, on the other hand, are characterized by an individual’s reaction to difficult situations. Ethics play a major role of testing the morals of an individual. Personal ethics are instilled by the culture, environment as well as the background in which an individual is brought up (Fairleigh Dickinson University, 2010). Family values in addition to traditional values are very important in the upbringing of a child. These values play a major role in assisting an individual develop personal ethics at a very tender age. Various personal ethics include: honesty, loyalty, punctuality, open-mindedness, self respect as well as respect for others and fairness (Marie, 2005). Hatcher (2007) states that the expression of one’s ethics is not always comprehended in the global context at large, immediate surrounding, or even among the closest family members. This is mainly as a result of the difference in the development of personal ethics. Personal ethics develop early in life through interaction with family, church, school, and other members of the general community. All these people play part in helping one mold his/her beliefs (Hatcher, 2007). Personal ethics are established through unconscious observations as well as experiences of childhood. Personal ethics narrate values that help an individual make sense of his/her life. They enable one to make moral decisions that are not inclined towards the good of an individual but to all people. An ethical person undergoes extensive internal battles, trying to figure out whether his or her actions will negatively impact on others. Personal ethics enable individuals to make decisions that are meant for the benefit of all. They act as an innate factor that enable individuals make rational and morally correct decisions (Hatcher, 2007).

What You Pawn I Will Redeem Response Paper

â€Å"What You Pawn I Will Redeem† (Response Paper) â€Å"What You Pawn I Will Redeem† by Sherman Alexie is the story of the mission of the humorous character of Jackson Jackson. Jackson Jackson is a homeless Spokane Indian in search of money to repurchase the regalia that was stolen from his grandmother about 50 years ago. He embarks on a journey to collect 999 dollars, the amount of money the pawnbroker is willing to sell the regalia for. Throughout this journey, the humorous character of Jackson Jackson unravels to reveal a man of culture.Although Jackson has left Spokane to attend college in Seattle, his Indian culture remains an important part of him. He constantly speaks of his Indian beliefs, ways, and customs. In the opening sentence, Jackson immediately acknowledges that he is Indian and differentiates his race from â€Å"hungry white folks† (8). As the story progresses, he uses many other statements to distinguish his race; he explains that Indians â₠¬Å"don’t want to be perfect, because only God is perfect† (11). This distinctive Indian belief is used to prove that the regalia indeed belonged to his grandmother.Jackson’s culture also proves to play a substantial part in his decisions in regards to the money he needs for the regalia. Whenever he happens to gather a bit of money, it is always squandered almost immediately after, due to Jackson’s over-abundant sense of generosity. After winning one hundred dollars from a lottery ticket, he gives a fifth of it to Mary, the cashier in the Korean grocery store. At first, Mary refuses, but Jackson insists that it is, yet again, â€Å"an Indian thing† (18). His cultural sharing tendency also leads him to spend the remaining eighty dollars on whiskey shots for everyone at the bar.One can say that his decision was driven by alcoholism as well as ignorance, but the sense of family among those of his own race also impacted him when he decided that â€Å"[h e] and his cousins [were] going to be drinking eighty shots† (18). Clearly, Jackson’s Indian nationality not only distinguishes him from the white people of Seattle, but also makes a large impact on his actions and his decisions. Nevertheless, Jackson is not solely defined by his title of â€Å"a Spokane Indian. † Although his culture drives many of his actions, redemption also plays an important role in making up Jackson’s character.At first glance, the short story is about a man striving to repurchase his grandmother’s old regalia. However, if one looks deeper, the regalia may symbolize redemption, hence the name, â€Å"What You Pawn I Will Redeem. † Jackson’s hidden objective is to bring his grandmother back to life, or at least redeem some part of her. By redeeming a part of his grandmother, he is able to redeem a part of his home in India. Jackson’s longing to redeem his home in India also contributes to the theme of a lack of a place to belong. Jackson can be considered homeless both physically and symbolically.Because he does not have the financial means to provide shelter for himself, he is physically homeless. Jackson is also homeless symbolically, for he cannot find a home in society. He flunks out of his college, losing a place in the campus, and he ruins his attempts at marriage, losing his partner in life. In the beginning of the story, Jackson holds a place in the community of the homeless Indians, and he considers them â€Å"[his] teammates, [his] defenders, [his] posse† (9). However, he soon finds that one member of the group, Rose of Sharon, has left and hitchhiked back to Toppenship to live with her sister on the reservation.Later, he realizes that another member of his group, Junior, has also left and hitchhiked down to Portland, Oregon. When Jackson visits the Indian bar and befriends Honey Boy and Irene, he finds that at the end of the night, they too have disappeared. Finally, the Aleut cousins, also homeless Indians, disappear as well, said to have either drowned or disappeared north. Jackson’s status of a loner in society is further solidified as one by one, his â€Å"posse† (9) disappears. In conclusion, Alexie’s short story illustrates a cultural character looking for redemption, as well as a home.

Aggressive Children and Violent Video Games

Aggressive Children and Violent Video Games Free Online Research Papers Since video games were first introduced in the 1970s they have become a popular important activity for children and teens as well as quite a few adults. Since globalization took place and internet and computers spread all over the world the access for getting and playing violent games started to increase and children begin to have the ability to play violent games more than before. it became a habit they do every day that made them ignore more important things during the day like (studying , etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ) , in the 1990 s video games started in Egypt with killing games like ( motor compact , street fighter wolfenstein 3D ) and this games the main tasks is to kill and wound , graphics e.g. (Blood), sound e.g.( scream ). Mainly these video games that contains sounds and graphics were the introduction to violent games although there were other games that don’t contain violence like sports games (Fifa) and games that need to think to reach a level of success like (Commandos, Age of Empires) but they ignored all these games and they got interested to the violent games only which became the most important game and target to success. As violent video games became an important thing to children, it became a problem that faces the parents and children so through researches and methodologys we will try to solve this problem and make people aware of its dangerous. When Children find that when they always win while playing they act as they play in there lifes which made them behave violently and like these video games that make them act by this wrong way due to its violence, this videos make them abstract the same form of violence they see which they think its right because it made them win and feel grateful and proud of themselves for winning that’s why they act this way during day. Researches found that violent video games affect children brain leads them to act in more creation in amygdale, which has relation to emotions those children act in violent way more than non violent children. Literature review According to Jeroen S. Brad J. (2006),in this study we examine what kinds of individuals are most attention to violent video games were its enjoyed by young males and we considered different individuals including trait aggressiveness, empathy education level and game addiction, and their relation to violent video games. These researchers followed the hypothesis they use the survey method that measured trait aggressiveness, empathy and video game addiction. Aggressiveness measure was 0.79, empathy measure was 0.67 and game addiction measure was 0.92.They resulted that lower educated boys wanted to play both violent and non-violent video games more than did higher educated boys. The more empathic boys were, the more they wanted to play non-violent video games, the higher the level of trait aggressiveness in boys, the more time they spend playing video games. They found the three most popular games between young boys were all violent ones (grand theft auto, counter strike, and call of duty). In line with these findings Craigs A. Anderson and Brad J. Bushman (2001), violent video game increases aggressive behavior in children and adults. Experimental and non experimental studies with males and females support this. Analyses also expose that exposure to violent video games increases physiological arousal and aggression-related thoughts and feelings. Playing violent video games also decreases prosaically behavior. In this research they use research question and they use method sample. Through studies they examined the effects of playing violent video games on aggressive cognition, Aggressive affect, aggressive behavior, physiological arousal, or pro social behavior. They use 3 characteristics for each study (a) gender (b) age (adults18 years old or children >18 years old), (c) type of study (experimental or non experimental), and (d) publication status. The results of the dependent measures was for the Aggression behavior the 33 independent tests of the relation between vid eo-game violence and aggression, involving 3,033 participants, the average effect size was positive and significant, r +=19, Pro social Behavior eight independent tests of the relation between violent video games and pro social behavior, involving 676 participants average effect that was negative and significant r+=-16, Aggressive Cognition 20 independent tests of the relation between video-game violence and aggressive cognition, involving 1,495 participants, an average effect that was positive and significant_ =.27, Aggressive Affect their were 17 independent tests of the relation between video-game violence and aggressive affect, involving 1,151 participants, also a significant positive effect, r+=.18, and the last measure is Physiological Arousal seven independent tests of the link between video-game violence and physiological arousal, involving 395 participants, showed that exposure to violent video games increased physiological arousal, r+=.22 Definition The article follows more specific meanings common to media-violence researchers. Violent Media Violent media are those that represent intentional effort by individuals to cause danger on others. An â€Å"individual† can be a nonhuman cartoon character, a real person, or anything in between. As a result, traditional cartoons (e.g., â€Å"Mighty Mouse,† â€Å"Tom and Jerry†) are filled with violence. Aggression Aggression refers to behavior that is intended to cause harm. It may be directed outward, against others or against the self. It may be driven by emotional arousal. Violence Violence refers to extreme forms of aggression, such as physical attack. All violence is aggression, but not all aggression is violence. These results was consistent with hypothesis that exposure to violent video games create a public-health threat to children and youths. Exposure is positively related with heightened levels of aggression in young adults and children, in experimental and non experimental designs, and in males and females. Exposure is negatively associated with pro social behavior. Matthew, s. eastin (2006).video game violence and female game player: self-and opponent gender effects on presence and aggressive thoughts. Human communication research. 0360-3989, 351-372, there were tests conducted in order to achieve the positive outcome of games forming aggressive behaviors amongst teenage girls and boys, the studies are composed of the main player and an opponent, a type of opponent, local environment and aggressive behavioral thinking that was formed up from the violent images the game projects. the first two case studies which is numbers 1 and 2 tells us that females who play video games tend to feel a more in depth reality when playing and that they tend to be more aggressive then that of boy that play the same game. While case studies 3 and 4 tells us that players who play against each other forms up a more increased aggressive behavior towards each other, rather then playing against an AI (artificial intelligence) opponent. In this research they use s ample and use hypothesis and research question. While in the past, computer games were more aimed towards male players since 1995 and that aggressive behavior started to grow large in reports after the next two years, around 40% to be prà ©cised. Later research shows that more games have been produced to meet up to the requirements of both male and female players and that their response to video game violence is relatively similar. Another research shows that games recently have been more aimed towards females, giving them a more feeling of being aggressive and that the population will be having a high number of violent young women who ever experiences these violent video games. Another research case study indicates that players who play long term game relations such as RPG (Role Playing Games), tend to reflect the game character’s personality into the player’s ones self. In other words, the player will try to imitate or completely mimic every aspect of a game character’s personality and story role. This case has been conducted and shows that this form of behavior is vastly demonstrated amongst female players, and with newer technologies of multi game playing, a single female player can create completely new game character that can portray their feelings and personality. Such as story roles, Skills, abilities, clothing they wear, physical appearance and so fort, this all can be generated by the player. With all these possibilities, a player can even identify them selves by the use of gender characteristics or even racial identification, and if by possible means the player may identify their personality and attitude to match with their generated character, they can even portray them selves as the character in-game, thus if they encounter situations that their character is meeting a hostile situation with another character generated by a completely different player, they will end up forming aggressive thoughts and behaviors towards each other and that the possible out come may even carry on with in the player’s thoughts out side of the game. According to Craig A. Anderson Karen E. Dill (1999).On April 20, 1999, Erik Harris and Dylan Klebold launched an assault on columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, murdering 13 and hurtful 23 before turn the guns on themselves. However its too difficult to determine exactly what makes these teens to attack their own classmates and teachers, many factors might be concerned. One possible causative factor is violent video games. Harris and Klebold enjoyed playing the bloody, shoot-em-up video game Doom, a game accredited by the U.S.military to train soldiers to efficiently kill. In this research they tested the correlation of Video Game violence effects, they choose a sample of two hundred twenty-seven (87males, 149 females) undergraduates from an introduction psychology course at a large Midwestern university. All members of this sample were not obligated to participate in psychological research. Results Preliminary Analysis Formation of Individual Difference Composites Correlation analysis on the individual difference measures of aggression indicated no problem items (e.g., items that were negatively correlated with the scale) on either of the two scales. Coefficient alphas indicated that each of the two scales was internally reliable. Alphas were .88 for the CIS and .90 for the AQ. The CIS and AQ were strongly correlated (r =.81, p < .001). Past research in our lab has revealed that the CIS and the AQ load on the same latent Aggressive Personality factor (Dill et al., 1997).Therefore; we formed a single aggressive personality score by averaging the CIS and AQ scores. According to Dr. Vincent Mathews, a professor of radiology at the university, his study recommended that playing a specific kind of video games may have dissimilar short term effects on brain function than playing nonviolent or interesting video games. He added that what the examined raising in emotional arousal, he resulted also that violent action caused from playing violent video games. Although the researcher expect to examine extra research on the long-term effects of violent video games experience and the benefit of these brain functioning diversity. Video games are lucrative business and are worth in excess of $10 billion in sales in the U.S. alone. References Lemmens, Bushman, Cyber Psychology Behavior, Oct2006, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p638-641. liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.638 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrievedb=PubMedlist_uids=11554666dopt=Citation google.com.eg/search?hl=arq=Video+games+and+aggressive+thoughts%2C+feelings+and+behavior+in+the+laboratory+and+in+life.btnG=%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB+Google%E2%80%8Fmeta apa.org/journals/features/psp784772.pdf google.com.eg/search?hl=arq=Video+games+and+aggressive+thoughts%2C+feelings+and+behavior+in+the+laboratory+and+in+life.btnG=%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB+Google%E2%80%8Fmeta= (medicalnewstoday.com/healthnews.php?newsid=57771) apa.org/journals/features/psp784772.pdf google.com.eg/search?hl=arq=Video+games+and+aggressive+thoughts%2C+feelings+and+behavior+in+the+laboratory+and+in+life.btnG=%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB+Google%E2%80%8Fmeta= (medicalnewstoday.com/healthnews.php?newsid=57771) apa.org/journals/features/psp784772.pdf google.com.eg/search?hl=arq=Video+games+and+aggressive+thoughts%2C+feelings+and+behavior+in+the+laboratory+and+in+life.btnG=%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB+Google%E2%80%8Fmeta= (medicalnewstoday.com/healthnews.php?newsid=57771) http:www.istheory.yorku.ca/informationprocessingtheory.htm,George Miller, (2005) http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/cogsys/infoproc.html citation: Huitt w. (2003) Research Papers on Aggressive Children and Violent Video GamesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Hockey GameCapital PunishmentInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andQuebec and CanadaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTrailblazing by Eric AndersonThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is Art

Jordanians and Palestinians in the West Bank Essay Example

Jordanians and Palestinians in the West Bank Essay Example Jordanians and Palestinians in the West Bank Essay Jordanians and Palestinians in the West Bank Essay This paper contains a discussion of the West Bank settlers paticularly, the Jordanians and Palestinians. The similarities and differences of the two cultures in terms of their practices and ideologies as well as their beliefs were delved into. An analysis on how the two cultures co-exist in the area despite its history of their fight for power over the West Bank is also provided. The paper also discusses on the conquest of the Israeli forces over the area and the effects of their occupation to the Palestinians and Jordan settlers in the West bank as well as their present economy. Jordanians and Palestinians Living the Test of Times at the West Bank West Bank, is a southwestern Asia territory that bound by the Jordan territory in its eatern portion and Israel on its north, south and western portions. It is geographically placed seen on the western bank of the Jordan river. This territory was once part of Palestine but was formally annexed by Jordan in 1950. Jordan ruled the area until 1967 and during its rule, it granted full citizenship to Palestinians who were then living in the area (Encarta online encyclopedia, 2007). The armies of Syria, Egypt and Jordan engaged into a six day war with Israel, in 1967. The Arab armies were defeated and Israel took control of several territories occupied by Syria, Egypt and Jordan and such included the West Bank. In 1988, Jordan ceded to the Palestine Liberation Organization all territorial claims to the West Bank, however, this did not do much because Israel also tried to establish its rule over the area. Israel imposed its laws in the West Bank governing the Palestinians in the process (Encarta online encyclopedia, 2007). The Israeli government introduced various reforms and improvement in the area, however, not all of these reforms benefitted the West Bank inhabitants. The Israeli built roads for their exclusive use only, the Palestinians were prohibited from utilizing it. The Palestinians also tried to establish their claim over the West Bank against the Israeli government. The clash on the establishment of power in the West Bank, led to bloody uprisings. It was only through a peace convention in 2006 that Israeli government agreed to retreat its forces in the area   (Encarta online encyclopedia, 2007). Majority of the population in the West Bank are Palestinian Arabs and 10 percent of the population in the area are Christian Arabs. Agriculture is the primary economic activity of the people because of the lack of more fruitful economic ventures in the area. Most of the job opportunities can be found on neighboring Arab countries like Israel. The currency that are ciculating in the area are the Israeli new sheqel and the Jordanian dinar. The dialects in the West Bank are similar to the Jordanian dialect (Encarta online encyclopedia, 2007). According to a Time magazine article, the Jordanian rule of the West Bank was more palatable for the Palestinians than the rule of the Israelis because they share the same culture. The Israelis were like robbers who took the Palestinian culture away from them. However, this does not mean that the Palestinians accepted the Jordanian rule with open arms. The two groups also had their share of uprisngs in the quest of both parties to retain power over the West Bank area. The Jordanian government invested heavily on the West bank even if this was already under the Israeli control because it had the aim of recovery. The investment made by the Jordan government on the area somehow uplifted the economy in the West Bank, however, this positive standing in the economy did not last long as other wars and uprising ensued thus, crippling the areas available resources (Encarta on line encyclopedia, 2007) The Palestinians in the West Bank are the original settlers of the area. They were the original heirs of the West Bank before it was occupied by various conquerors, among them were the Jordanians and the Israelis (Encarta on line encyclopedia, 2007). Based on culture and practices, the Palestinians and the Jordanians are almost similar. In terms of religion, both are attached to the Muslim faith. Majority of the Palestinians and Jordanians are Sunni Muslim, the largest sect in Islam. Others practice different religions such as Christianity, Jewish and the other Muslim sects (every culture, n.d.). For the Palestinians and the Jordanians, the role of women is basically to produce children and tend the household needs, they are not expected to work beyond the house and perform the duties of a man. Rarely is a woman perceived to be of equal rank as that of a man especially in the olden days. It is only recently that the women are allowed to perform other roles besides the tending the house needs and the children. Many women now are part of the workforce and are even doing mens job. This shift of ideology was not because of cultural influence from the West but because of the dire need for women to take these roles. Life is economically difficult in the West Bank and all efforts must be contributed to find work and provide food for the family (every culture, n.d.). Aside from these similarities, the two cultures also share the same belief in terms of courtship and marriage. They do not adhere to the Western style of dating and courtship. Their beliefs dictate that the man and the woman should have associated with each others families before they should enter into a romantic relationship. Courtship does not mean entering into a simple relationshipit means marriage (every culture, n.d.). Marriage is an important rite of passage for both cultures. They usually celebrate this with a feast catering 200 to 2,000 guests. A similar kind of celebration is also undertaken whenever a child is born, especially if the child is a baby boy. The Joradanian society has a higher regard for boys than girls. The Palestinians share the same ideology (every culture, n.d.). It is also the practice of the Jordanians to build houses that are several stories high; this is in preparation for the marriage of their sons. The sons who marry take their wives to the family home and live on one story of the house. The women take charge of the cooking   as well as the household chores while the men do not contribute any effort to the household works as they are prohibited by their culture from engaging in such activites. The Palestinian men also do not do houesehold chores. They have high regard for gender roles and distinction of the sexes (every culture, n.d.). People from both cultures are also very hospitable. They do not allow their visitors to bring anything, they provide for all the needs and the guests are expected to consume all that they serve. People from both cultures are also very formal and conservative, as compared to the Western people (every culture, n.d.). Most of the Jordanians and Palestinians also have a very good educational background. There is a great number of them who have attended school in universities and finished college degrees. However, those who are in the West Bank do not have very good jobs because there are only a few high paying jobs in the region. Most of the educated serve in   Israel where there is a higher pay offered and in nearby Arab countries which have better economies. These Muslims, however, do not hold high positions in the countries that they work for because the priority are the local inhabitants. Aside from these they are not also given the same salary as to that   of a local employee who hold the same position; they receive a lower salary. This practice can be attributed to the fact that the Israelis look lowly to the inhabitants of the West Bank, which happens to be a part of their conquered state until 2006 (every culture, n.d.). Among the dissimilarities in the culture of the Jordanians and the Palestinians is their heritage. The Jordanians have a country of their own- Jordan whereas the Palestines do not have a territory that they can call their own. The Palestinians are displaced and most of them are refugees in different Arab countries including Jordan. The Palestinian territory in 1947 was divided by the United Nations into two- the Palestinian state and the Jewish state. The Palestinian Arabs who comprised sixty-five percent of the population then did not agree of the partition plan and as a result thereof, a war ensued. The Palestinian Arabs lost in the war   while the Jewish state successfully established Israel in 1948. The Palestinians tried to establish their power in the area but they were not successful. This failure has led to poor stature of the Palestinians in the present day (Encarta online encyclopedia, 2007). The water scarcity in the area also contributes to its poor economic standing, it lacks better resources that could provide for the needs of the people. The various uprisings and the surge for power in the area is also a factor. Instead of concentrating on enriching their economy, the Palestines are busy fighting for their right to rule their land from the Israelis. The Israeli government played hard in giving up the West Bank leadership as compared to the Jordanian government which ceded its interests to the Palestine Liberation Organization. This cession of interests may have been a factor for the co-existence of the Jordanians and Palestinians in the area. Another factor may have been the fact that the Jordan government houses many of the Palestinian refugees in their country and their sharing of similar religious belief and culture. The fact that majority of both cultures adhere to the same Muslim sect is a great factor. They do not have a clash of ideologies as compared to Christians and Jews who have great disparities in their principles and the ideologies that bind them. In addition, the Palestinian culture in the West Bank also have a great influence from the Jordanian culture because of its conquest of the area for nearly seventeen years and the curriculum that the education system in the West Bank region follows   is patterned after the Jordanian curriculum. This type of curriculum may have been a factor in building a smoother relationship between the two cultures because they get to have a deeper understanding of each   others beliefs and background. However, it must be noted that not all those who have Jordanian citizenship in the West Bank are really Jordanians. Many of those who hold such citizenship are Palestinians who have been living in the West Bank before the Palestinian National Administration came to power (Encarta online encyclopedia, 2007). References Microsoft Encarta online encyclopedia (2007). â€Å"West Bank†. Retrieved April 22, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557747/West_Bank.html Microsoft Encarta online encyclopedia (2007). â€Å"Modern Palestine†. Retrieved April 22,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008, from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701844116/Palestine_Modern.html Every Culture (n.d.). â€Å"Jordanians†. Retrieved April 22, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   everyculture.com/wc/Japan-to-Mali/Jordanians.html Every Culture (n.d.). â€Å"Palestinians†. Retrieved April 22, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   everyculture.com/wc/Germany-to-Jamaica/Palestinians.html Every Culture (n.d.). â€Å"Culture of Palestine, West Bank and Gaza Strip†. Retrieved April 22,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008, from everyculture.com/No-Sa/Palestine-West-Bank-and-Gaza-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strip.html Time magazine (1978, June 19). West Bank: The Cruelest Conflict. Retrieved April 22, 2008,   Ã‚   from time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919757-1,00.html

Catastrophic Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Catastrophic Terrorism - Research Paper Example Peace is friendly, peace is helpful, it is merciful and for these reasons, it validates itself as an indispensable requirement in any country. Terrorism has serious ramifications on various sectors of the economy, children and development of a country as a whole. To ensure continuity, oneness and communalism in the society, the issue of terrorism must be dealt with and ensure that peace prevails in the midst of all the citizens. Global terrorism has been on the rise in the last couple of years and as much as it has been met with a considerable amount of retaliation by the world’s superpower, it has not been completely dealt a major blow to an extent that it can cease. Terrorism has a number of definitions but the simplest one is â€Å"the illegitimate use of combat methods or force to achieve a certain political objective by targeting innocent people (Bruce, 2015). Further, it can also be referred to as a â€Å"set of combat methods rather than a recognizable ideology or a movement and involves use of violence against the innocent people to inflict a psychological effect of fear on others other the immediate targets (Bruce, 2015). While the effects of terrorism cannot be quantified, catastrophic terrorism aims at victimizing a large number of people, causing more damage to a larger proportion; otherwise called mass destruction. Today’s terrorism, whether local, regional or international act on greater variety of motives than it has been before. Accessibility to weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear devices, germ dispensers, poison gas weapons and even more interestingly, computer viruses has made the world that we live in more vulnerable to catastrophic terrorism. Catastrophic terrorism has become more of a possibility now due to dependence of technology and this has facilitated the terrorists with an easy way to targets. Catastrophic terrorism poses a major threat now more than ever before due to use of

Resistance Training Intensity Vs. Volume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Resistance Training Intensity Vs. Volume - Essay Example People tend to get the terms resistance training and strength training confused, however it should be known that these are two incredibly different matters, and thus they need to each be taken properly into consideration and understanding. In regards to the matter of whether or not multiple set training is better than single set training in regards to maintaining strength, this matter is one which has several different angles that need to be carefully examined; depending on what results you are looking for, the answer will thus be incredibly different, and with resistance training there are often several different options that you can have which will end with the same results. There was a study done recently, and the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a single vs. a multiple set resistance training protocol in well-trained early postmenopausal women; this study was great because it used people of a proper age and standing so that they could show whether multiple or single set training was better in regards to maintaining strength in the body overall. The subjects in this study were randomly assigned to begin either with 12 weeks of the single set or 12 weeks of the multiple set protocol, and "after another 5 weeks of regenerational resistance training, the subgroup performing the single set protocol during the first 12 weeks crossed over to the 12 week multiple set protocol and vice versa." (Kemmler, Lauber, Engelke, & Weineck, 2004). Basically what resulted from this study was that neither exercise type nor exercise intensity, degree of fatigue, rest periods, speed of movement, training sessions per week, compliance and attendance, or periodization strategy differed between that of exercise protocols, and as well, overall, "multiple set training resulted in significant increases (3.5-5.5%) for all 4 strength measurements, whereas single set training resulted in significant decreases (-1.1 to -2.0%)Body mass and body composition did not change during the study. The results show that, in pretrained subjects, multiple set protocols are superior to single set protocols in increasing maximum strength." (Kemmler, Lauber, Engelke, & Weineck, 2004). Therefore, if you are looking to increase and maintain strength as a result overall, then you will want to stick more with the multiple set training idea; there was even another study that was done that was similar to the previously discussed one, where women were taken and used in the study in order to find out whether multiple or single set training was more efficient in regards to maintaining body strength overall. In this study, just as in the other one, the results showed that multiple set training reigned supreme over the latter, in regards to the matter of increasing and maintaining strength overall. This study "compared the effects of single and multiple set strength training in women with basic experience in resistance training", and "Both training groups had significant strength improvements in leg extension. In the seated bench press, only the three-set group showed a significant incre